![]() ![]() Typhi based on biochemical tests ( Table-1). Īmong the sample size, 27 isolates were identified as S. Hence, the identification based on culture medium is not accurate, which is in agreement with the previous report. may produce H 2S, which forms black color colonies on XLD. However, other organisms such as Proteus spp. Typhi, due to the production of H 2S ( Figure-1). On SS agar and XLD agar, black color colonies were considered as suspected colonies of S. Typhi and determine their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. Therefore, this project was initiated to detect clinical strains of S. However, limited reports for determining the antibacterial susceptibility testing in Iraq were published. Febrile diseases like typhoid fever are among the most prevalent infections in Iraq. As the world is fighting antibiotic resistance, completing this goal requires a correct, quick, and early diagnosis. Recently, a massive number of research reports have been done to approve different tools for the identification of Salmonella spp. Typhi from typhoid suspected patients and determine their antibacterial susceptibility pattern.Ģ,4-Diamino-6,7-Diisopropylpteridine resistance For the above reasons, the study aimed to isolate and identify S. In third world countries, such as Iraq, the rate of detection of bacteria causing enteric fever as well as their antibiotics resistance is hard to assess because of lack of monitoring, insufficient reporting, and publication. However, these techniques are laborious and inaccurate. However, traditional techniques such as the Widal test, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, culturing, and biochemical tests are still regularly used to detect Salmonella spp. It is very essential to have a rapid and accurate detection for Salmonella spp. Tools such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have become central in detecting and typing contagious diseases by providing rapidness, sensitivity, and specificity, however, it is unaffected whether patients were consumed antibiotics or not. Widal test is widely used in many endemic countries, although the sensitivity and specificities are poorly defined as the most common diagnostic procedures. It is challenging, particularly in children with uncommon symptoms, to distinguish enteric fever from other undifferentiated febrile diseases, including influenza, leptospirosis, dengue, or malaria. Despite its global use, this technology is time-intensive, not consistently effective, and needs skilled personnel. The standard technique to identify Salmonella, widely applied for 60 years, includes detecting 3-antigenic locations (somatic O and two antigenic flagella H) using a particular antiserum by slide agglutination, the Kauffmann-White-Le Minor scheme. Typhi in the Middle East and Central Asia reports that Iraq has the highest prevalence of MDR S. A very distressing investigation about multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. ![]() Emerging multidrug resistance has led to an increment in the death rate as antibiotics are no longer effective. Typhi is the greatest challenge worldwide, especially in countries with poor sanitation, medication facilities, and low income. Typhi as a critical problem that needs regular monitoring and prevention. To minimize the spread of resistant strains, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classified drug-resistant S. The high rate of occurrence of typhoid fever was worsened by the rise of antibiotic-resistant S. An epidemiological study about Iraq stating that thousands of people are dying every year due to the deficiency of fresh water and contamination of rivers by sewage and factories. Enteric fever in endemic areas, especially resource limited, is a significant public health concern. In Asia and Africa, the disease continues to be extremely severe, with close to 21 million cases and an estimated 220,000 deaths each year. The economic loss caused by an infected diet is one of the main concerns for Salmonella. Salmonella can also cause diseases in the farming of poultry and pigs. Such bacteria can infect a wide range of food products such as poultry, dairy products, or meal, including those of animal origin. Salmonella is one of the world’s most common causes of food poisoning. The transport of the disease is either waterborne, foodborne, or through significant person-to-person contact. Typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B, and C are extremely adapted to the human host, acting as their typical reservoir. The genus Salmonella has over 2500 serotypes classified into two distinct species: S. Enteric fever is a severe infectious disease caused by the human-restricted agent Salmonella enterica subsp. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |